This video “Causes of Heart Failure” is part of the Lecturio course “Cardiology” ► WATCH the complete course on http://lectur.io/causesofheartfailure

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– Population attributable risk factors
– Ischemic heart disease
– Rarer causes of heart failure
– Abuse of drugs such as alcohol and cocaine and their effect on the heart

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Your lecturer is Joseph Alpert M.D. He is Professor of Medicine at the Sarver Heart Center as well as Director of Coronary Care and Medical Director of Cardiac Rehabilitation at the University of Arizona. Additionally, he is a member of the most important cardiologic institutions such as the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology. Because of his outstanding teaching proficiency he is board certified in internal medicine and cardiovascular disease and has won many teaching awards such as the George W. Thorn Award for Excellence in Teaching, the William Osler Master Teacher Award, and the Edward Rhodes Stitt Award for Outstanding Teaching. Furthermore, he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the Clinical Cardiology Council of the American Heart Association and was selected “Gifted Teacher of the Year” in 2004 by the American College of Cardiology.

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Cardiac Insufficiency (CHF, Heart Failure) and Pulmonary Edema — Classification and Treatments
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What is Coronary Heart Disease? Coronary heart disease or CHD refers to a narrowing of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen and blood to the heart.

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It is also known as coronary artery disease and it is the
leading cause of death worldwide. It is a major cause of illness and death. Coronary heart disease
normally happens when fatty deposits called cholesterol accumulates on the artery walls,
creating plaques. The arteries narrow, reducing blood flow to the heart. Sometimes, a clot can
obstruct the flow of blood to the heart muscle. CHD commonly causes angina pectoris (chest
pain), shortness of breath, myocardial infarction, or heart attack. A heart attack is the sudden
slowing or stopping of contractions of the heart muscles. This could be due to malfunction of the
cardiac muscles. Part of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen. Heart attacks can also lead
to death.
CHD can also be caused by hypertension, coronary thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and
atherosclerosis. Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure, it is when our blood
pressure, the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels, is consistently too high.
Coronary thrombosis is forming of blood clot or thrombus in the artery. It is most likely to occur
in narrow arteries. Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is the narrowing and hardening of arteries.
This happens due to cholesterol deposition on them. Most of the blocks in the artery are caused
by a combination of atheroma and thrombus. When this bloackage occurs it is called coronary
occlusion.
Causes of Coronary Heart Disease
CHD can be caused due to unhealthy lifestyle habits and even genetics. Certain mutations in the
genes are linked to this disease. A study published in PLOS in 2017, even linked CHD to food
preparation on high heat. Unhealthy diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fats, leads to high
blood cholesterol level. Smoking increases heart rate and blood pressure, this causes blood to
clot more easily. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke replaces some of the oxygen in our blood.
This increases our blood pressure and heart rate by forcing our heart to work harder to supply
enough oxygen.
Women who smoke and take birth control pills are at greater risk of having a heart attack or
stroke than are those who do not smoke or take birth control pills, because both can increase the
risk of blood clots. Tobacco has toxins, which reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. Stress
releases adrenaline, which increases heart rate and blood pressure.
Prevention
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help protect your heart. Aim to eat beans,
low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean meats, and fish as part of a healthy diet. Avoid too much
salt and sugars in your diet. Limiting certain fats you eat also is important. Exercise regularly and
maintain weight. Stop or do not start smoking. Avoid all forms of tobacco use, as all are equally
harmful. Reduce stress in your life.

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Heart Diseases (Also called: Cardiac diseases)

— video script below —

If you’re like most people, you think that heart disease is a problem for others. But heart disease is the number one killer in the U.S. It is also a major cause of disability. There are many different forms of heart disease. The most common cause of heart disease is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself. This is called coronary artery disease and happens slowly over time. It’s the major reason people have heart attacks.

Other kinds of heart problems may happen to the valves in the heart, or the heart may not pump well and cause heart failure. Some people are born with heart disease.

You can help reduce your risk of heart disease by taking steps to control factors that put you at greater risk:

Control your blood pressure
Lower your cholesterol
Don’t smoke
Get enough exercise

NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

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To diagnose a heart disease there are different tests, like CT Scan, echo, labs, EKG, physical exam, STS Score and cardiac catheterization. Dr. Harry Aldrich, Medical Director, Echocardiography, EKG and Stress Testing with Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, says the first test is listening to the patient’s history with the physical examination, where the doctors listen for sounds of the heart, which is the first indication that someone has a heart disease.

He also says the echocardiogram or ultrasound test is a non-invasive test, where doctors can judge the degree of the murmur, how severe it is, and how severe the leaking or stenosis is. **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
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Timothy D. Henry, MD, Chief of Cardiology at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, shares five lesser-known risk factors for heart disease.

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Cedars-Sinai is a leader in providing high-quality healthcare encompassing primary care, specialized medicine and research. Since 1902, Cedars-Sinai has evolved to meet the needs of one of the most diverse regions in the nation, setting standards in quality and innovative patient care, research, teaching and community service. Today, Cedars- Sinai is known for its national leadership in transforming healthcare for the benefit of patients. Cedars-Sinai impacts the future of healthcare by developing new approaches to treatment and educating tomorrow’s health professionals. Additionally, Cedars-Sinai demonstrates a commitment to the community through programs that improve the health of its most vulnerable residents.

The WHO lists cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as the number 1 cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. Four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age (https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/)

Cardiovascular disease, or CVD, refers to a variety of health problems with the heart or blood vessels, including heart attacks, heart failure and stroke. The underlying defects remain incompletely understood and asymptomatic vascular damage can accumulate for years before patients are diagnosed.

Risk factors include
* high blood pressure,
* unhealthy eating habits,
* lack of physical exercise,
* smoking and alcohol consumption

The build-up of plaques in blood vessels referred to as atherosclerosis remains the best understood cause for CVD, but little is known about the origin of these plaques and their specific forms, which may be more or less stable. There is no better therapeutic strategy to prevent CVD than living a healthy life. The American Heart Foundation (https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living) suggests besides eating right and being physically active, that real health includes getting enough sleep, managing stress, and connecting socially.
#CVD #atherosclerosis #health #blood
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Heart disease is most commonly caused by a hardening of the arteries that lead to the heart.
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