This video “Causes of Heart Failure” is part of the Lecturio course “Cardiology” ► WATCH the complete course on http://lectur.io/causesofheartfailure

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What is Coronary Heart Disease? Coronary heart disease or CHD refers to a narrowing of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen and blood to the heart.

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It is also known as coronary artery disease and it is the
leading cause of death worldwide. It is a major cause of illness and death. Coronary heart disease
normally happens when fatty deposits called cholesterol accumulates on the artery walls,
creating plaques. The arteries narrow, reducing blood flow to the heart. Sometimes, a clot can
obstruct the flow of blood to the heart muscle. CHD commonly causes angina pectoris (chest
pain), shortness of breath, myocardial infarction, or heart attack. A heart attack is the sudden
slowing or stopping of contractions of the heart muscles. This could be due to malfunction of the
cardiac muscles. Part of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen. Heart attacks can also lead
to death.
CHD can also be caused by hypertension, coronary thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and
atherosclerosis. Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure, it is when our blood
pressure, the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels, is consistently too high.
Coronary thrombosis is forming of blood clot or thrombus in the artery. It is most likely to occur
in narrow arteries. Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is the narrowing and hardening of arteries.
This happens due to cholesterol deposition on them. Most of the blocks in the artery are caused
by a combination of atheroma and thrombus. When this bloackage occurs it is called coronary
occlusion.
Causes of Coronary Heart Disease
CHD can be caused due to unhealthy lifestyle habits and even genetics. Certain mutations in the
genes are linked to this disease. A study published in PLOS in 2017, even linked CHD to food
preparation on high heat. Unhealthy diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fats, leads to high
blood cholesterol level. Smoking increases heart rate and blood pressure, this causes blood to
clot more easily. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke replaces some of the oxygen in our blood.
This increases our blood pressure and heart rate by forcing our heart to work harder to supply
enough oxygen.
Women who smoke and take birth control pills are at greater risk of having a heart attack or
stroke than are those who do not smoke or take birth control pills, because both can increase the
risk of blood clots. Tobacco has toxins, which reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. Stress
releases adrenaline, which increases heart rate and blood pressure.
Prevention
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help protect your heart. Aim to eat beans,
low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean meats, and fish as part of a healthy diet. Avoid too much
salt and sugars in your diet. Limiting certain fats you eat also is important. Exercise regularly and
maintain weight. Stop or do not start smoking. Avoid all forms of tobacco use, as all are equally
harmful. Reduce stress in your life.

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Wayne, from England, very honestly discusses the testing process and his experience of testing positive.

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(USMLE topics, dementia) This video is available for instant download licensing here : https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/dementia/-/medias/742d01b3-b60e-4087-b668-de922c9f107c-huntington-s-disease-narrated-animation
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All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Huntington’s disease, or HD, is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder in which brain cells are damaged and die over time, leading to progressive loss of mental and physical abilities.
The diseases is caused by an abnormal version of a protein named huntingtin, or HTT. A normal version of HTT has a stretch of 10-35 repeats of CAG nucleotide triplets, which encode for a stretch of the amino acid glutamine. In people with HD, the HTT gene has more than 35 CAG repeats, sometime more than 120 (juvenile onset). 26-35 = intermediate. The abnormally long stretch of polyglutamine changes the structure of the normal HTT protein, causing fragmentation and aggregations, which are toxic to nerve cells. The effect is specific in the basal ganglia of the brain, most notably in the striatum, which controls movement by inhibiting unwanted movements. This explains the most prominent symptoms of the diseases – uncontrollable movement, known as Huntington’s chorea – dance-like movements of the face and arms; and motor speech disorders, dysphasia aspiration – most common cause of death in HD patients.
A person has 2 copies of the HTT gene but one abnormal copy is enough to cause the disease. Children of an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the abnormal copy of the gene, and hence the disease. This pattern of inheritance is known as autosomal dominant.
The onset and progression of the disease depends on the number of CAG repeats, or the size of expansion – the higher the number of repeats, the earlier the age of onset and the faster it progresses.
The high degree of repetition also increases the likelihood of inaccurate reading during DNA replication. The “confused” DNA polymerase may add more repeats as it loses track of repeat number. As the expanded HTT gene is transmitted to the next generation, the number of repeats often increases. This means a phenotypically-normal parent with 30-35 repeats may give his child a 40-repeats HTT gene who would develop the disease. As the size of polyglutamine increases from generation to generation, the onset of symptoms is getting earlier with each generation. This phenomenon is called anticipation.
An average person with a 40-50 CAG repeats in the HTT gene usually develop symptoms in their 40s. People with more than 60 repeats could show signs of the disease in their childhood (juvenile form). The first signs are subtle mental and cognitive disturbances that may go unnoticed. As the disease progress, chorea becomes most prominent, followed by motor speech disorders, rigidity, swallowing difficulty and dysphasia, personality changes, memory loss and other cognitive and psychiatric impairments.
Diagnosis is confirmed with genetic testing, genetics counseling is available for people with family history of HD.
Life expectancy in HD is generally around 10 to 20 years following the onset of visible symptoms. Most life-threatening complications result from muscle coordination with pulmonary aspiration, which also increases the risks of pneumonia, being the most common cause of death in HD patients.
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α-Thalassemia mutations affect up to 5% of the world’s population. The clinical spectrum ranges from an asymptomatic condition to a fatal in utero disease. Hemoglobin H disease results from mutations of three α-globin genes.
Deletional forms result in a relatively mild anemia, whereas nondeletional mutations result in a moderate to severe disease characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, recurrent transfusions, and growth delay.
Hemosiderosis develops secondary to increased iron absorption, as well as transfusion burden. Hemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis is usually a fatal in utero disease caused by the absence of α genes. Population screening to identify at-risk couples is essential. Affected pregnancies result in severe fetal and maternal complications.
Doppler ultrasonography with intrauterine transfusion therapy may improve the fetal prognosis but creates ethical challenges for the family and health providers. (See citation below)

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Topic References
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🌎https://www.stjude.org/disease/alpha-thalassemia.html
🌎https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=alpha-thalassemia-in-children-90-P02329
🌎https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/alpha-thalassemia

Description’s Citation
—————————————————
Vichinsky, Elliott P. “Clinical manifestations of α-thalassemia.” Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine vol. 3,5 a011742. 1 May. 2013, doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011742

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This video “Genetic Diseases: Categories” is part of the Lecturio course “Genetics” ► WATCH the complete course on http://lectur.io/geneticdiseasescategories

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that causes your thyroid gland to create too much thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones affect your nervous system, brain development and body temperature.

www.uwhealth.org/endocrine-surgery/thyroid-conditions/51430
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Knowledge bomb: Dr. G talks about emotional repression and suppression. He highlights how when people hold in their emotions it leads to disease. He also gives solutions on how to learn to express your emotions in a healthy way.

Guest conversation: Louisa Nicola, a neuroscientist out of NYC teaches us all about brain optimization. She shares her findings in research about what we need to be doing daily to have our brain functioning at its highest level. She gives us an actionable blueprint to optimize ourselves long term.

Guest bio: Louisa Nicola is a Sydney University trained clinical neuroscientist who works one on one with the professional NBA, MLS and NHL players to enhance peak brain performance.

Louisa spent most of her time growing up as a triathlete, training on average 4 hours a day and qualifying for the Beijing and Auckland world championships. Her love for neuroscience came after being hit by a car and having her world title stripped from her just 3 weeks prior to Beijing. During her rehab she realised that it wasn’t the multiple broken bones that brought her back to racing, it was the neuroscience behind physical performance and how this can be optimized for both clinical and peak performance populations.

Louisa went on to study medicine and science at the University of Sydney with a focus on neurophysiology where she was able to understand from a molecular level how the brain functions. Since then, she formed her own company Neuro Athletics to solve the concussion and mental health epidemic facing elite athletes today which grew from a Sydney based company to now, a NY based company.

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The coronary circulation serves the purpose of matching myocardial oxygen supply and consumption. A transient mismatch causing reversible myocardial ischaemia is the dominant feature of chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD), which is also characterized by stable symptoms over a period of months, years, or even decades. Stable angina is the most frequent presentation of chronic IHD; other clinical presentations are microvascular angina, vasospastic angina, and ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Stable angina is mainly caused by obstructive coronary atherosclerosis. ECG exercise stress test is the first-line test for diagnosis and risk stratification; when it cannot be performed or is not interpretable imaging stress tests are indicated. The aims of treatment are to improve prognosis and to reduce symptoms. Prognosis is improved by the reduction of coronary risk factor burden, by the administration of antiplatelet agents, and, in high risk patients, by myocardial revascularization. Symptoms are improved by anti-anginal drugs which act through different mechanisms, including reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption and improvement of myocardial perfusion, and by myocardial revascularization in patients who do not satisfactorily respond to drugs. Microvascular angina is caused by coronary microvascular dysfunction; its prognosis is good, but symptoms can be invalidating and frequently do not fully respond to conventional anti-anginal drugs. Vasospastic angina is caused by coronary artery spasm; prognosis is good if spasm is prevented by treatment with coronary vasodilators. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy is dominated by symptoms and signs of left ventricular dysfunction; prognosis is mainly determined by the degree of left ventricular dysfunction and seems improved by myocardial revascularization in patients with large areas of myocardial viability….

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This video explains the genetics behind Huntington’s disease (HD) in a simple way. If you have any further questions about the genetics of HD email us at questions@hdyo.org Please consider making a donation to HDYO here: https://en.hdyo.org/eve/about/587

Dr. Claudia Testa provides an overview of genetic testing options for Huntington’s Disease, including pre-symptomatic, symptomatic and reproductive choices.

The Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Center at VCU Health offers clinical, research, and outreach services for movement disorders. Learn more on our website at http://parkinsons.vcu.edu/index.html
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Heart Diseases (Also called: Cardiac diseases)

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If you’re like most people, you think that heart disease is a problem for others. But heart disease is the number one killer in the U.S. It is also a major cause of disability. There are many different forms of heart disease. The most common cause of heart disease is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself. This is called coronary artery disease and happens slowly over time. It’s the major reason people have heart attacks.

Other kinds of heart problems may happen to the valves in the heart, or the heart may not pump well and cause heart failure. Some people are born with heart disease.

You can help reduce your risk of heart disease by taking steps to control factors that put you at greater risk:

Control your blood pressure
Lower your cholesterol
Don’t smoke
Get enough exercise

NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

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Namaskar Dosto is video me maine chronic disease Miasm & psora Miasm ke baare me aap ko jaankari dee hai .
topic of video
why chronic disease not cure
Miasm and Homeopathy
psora Miasm
type of Miasm
anti Miasmatic medicine

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Correction: Missing two genes is called alpha thalassemia trait. I do apologize.

Alpha thalassemia is common in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean.
A defect in the alpha globin chain synthesis.
There are four genes responsible for the production of alpha chains.
The higher the number of genes deleted, the worse the symptoms.

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